IUGS Statement on Natural Hazards
A Resolution of the
International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)
กก
Whereas a magnitude 9 great earthquake that occurred on
26 December, 2004 off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia,
triggered tsunamis that inundated the coastal zones of much of the Indian
Ocean, causing tragic and historic loss of life and property, and
Whereas this major natural disaster heightens awareness of the existence of
geological hazards worldwide,
THE IUGS RECOGNIZES:
|
1. |
That tsunami warning systems
in the Pacific Ocean have proven to be effective over several
decades, that no such comprehensive system exists for the Indian or
Atlantic Oceans, that such systems employing traditional and new
space-based technologies in these oceans could prevent loss of life
if predictions were timely and warnings were heeded; |
|
2. |
That tsunamis are triggered
not only by earthquakes, but also by volcanic eruptions and
landslides; and that these hazards, especially landslides, extend to
all oceans and their margins; |
|
3. |
That on-land landslides,
earthquakes, floods, and volcanic eruptions constitute significant
potential for natural disasters, and that terrestrial landslides are
perhaps the most damaging of all; |
|
4. |
That a substantial portion,
if not most, of the global human population resides in areas
characterized by significant risk of the occurrence of natural
disasters; |
|
5. |
That the tendency of the
International Community to concentrate on reaction to natural
hazards, rather than on preparation and their mitigation, operates
to increase their cost to amounts much greater than that of
preparation and mitigation; |
|
6. |
That the lack of education
in and awareness of Geological Sciences worldwide tends to decrease
awareness of the possibility of natural disasters and thus
exacerbate their human and economic toll when they inevitably occur; |
|
7. |
That in the aftermath of a
natural disaster, widespread knowledge of the geological sciences
and of existing technology could assist rescue agencies and civil
defense managers to obtain faster understanding of the extent of the
damage from the event and how to cope with it; |
|
8. |
That the reduction of the predictive uncertainity of a natural disaster is the most important issue in natural hazards reduction, but that reduction requires a thorough understanding of the nature of the geological processes giving rise to the disaster. |
THE IUGS RECOMMENDS:
|
1. |
That systems and procedures
be established for early warning, developing public awareness
including Geological Science education, regional evacuation routes,
and shelters with locations based on appropriate geological
information, including maps of existing geological hazards; |
|
2. |
That comprehensive education
in the Geological Sciences, including knowledge of local geological
hazards and their risk, become an integral part of education systems
at all levels and in all countries; |
|
3. |
That regional disaster
management systems be organized where they do not now exist, and
that existing disaster management systems be made more effective,
and that these systems take steps effectively to monitor known
indicators of all natural disasters; |
|
4. |
That multidisciplinary and
multinational research programs and research networks on Geological
hazards and risks be developed to improve the professional and
public awareness of and understanding of the phenomena associated
with such hazards, and that efforts be increased to develop
forecasting capability of such hazards, and |
THE IUGS RESOLVES:
|
1. |
To promote the development
and application of scientific expertise and experience in
understanding the geological forces at work in the development of
all types of natural hazards and the processes involved in their
mitigation of natural hazards; |
|
2. |
To share this information as freely as possible with other members of the scientific community, government officials, policy makers and planners, the insurance industry, and the public as a whole. |
กก